Migraine headaches are a distinct type of paroxysmal headache characterized by the constriction and subsequent dilation of cerebral arteries. Understanding the clinical features and triggers is crucial for effective treatment.
Clinical Features
Migraines manifest in three characteristic groups of symptoms:
- Visual disturbances, often presenting as flashes of light or partial loss of vision.
- Severe throbbing headaches, typically starting on one side and lasting for hours.
- Nausea and vomiting, commonly associated with the headache.
Aetiology
While the exact cause remains unknown, several triggers have been identified:
- Head injuries from contact sports.
- Sudden weather changes, especially thunderstorms or hot, dry wind.
- Hypoglycemia, missed meals, and emotional stress.
- Hormonal fluctuations, particularly drops in estrogen levels.
- Food allergies, accounting for 80-90% of cases.
Treatment
Aromatherapy as a Preventative Measure: Aromatherapy can serve as a preventative measure. However, during an attack, individuals may find essential oil scents overbearing. Using a cold compress of equal parts peppermint and lavender on the forehead and temples can provide relief.
Other Natural Remedies
- Feverfew, ginkgo biloba, peppermint, and rosemary are effective in migraine treatment.
- Eliminate trigger foods like chocolate, cheese, and alcohol containing vasoactive amines.
- Avoid stimulants (coffee, tea, nicotine) and substances like nitrates and MSG.
- Increase intake of cold-water fish or fish oils.
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Acupuncture: Research supports acupuncture as a viable treatment, showing success in reducing migraine frequency.
Conclusion: Comprehensive treatment for migraines involves a multi-faceted approach, including lifestyle adjustments, natural remedies, and alternative therapies like acupuncture. Understanding triggers is key to managing and preventing migraine attacks.
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